Written by the TreasureGuide for the exclusive use of the Treasure Beaches Report.
In my opinion, this is one of the most helpful things for any beach detectorist to understand. It gives the basic principles to show how water moves objects, including, but not limited to, sand and treasure. If you understand how various materials such as sand and coins move, and can apply that knowledge, you will have a much better chance of being at the right place at the right time.
There are a number of other factors involved but the ones shown on this chart are key. It would take many posts to explain all of the various factors, but this chart is the place to start. The other variables interact with the ones described in the chart.
Of course, grains of sand and pebbles, like coins and other things, vary in size, shape and composition, and all of those variables are important, but for the moment I'll ignore many of the variables that interact with the factors described on this chart.
The chart shows that low velocities of water result in sedimentation, and sand drops, or is deposited at lower velocities than pebbles. That makes sense. It takes less force to move sand than pebbles. When the water slows to just over 10 cm/s, the pebbles drop out and are deposited, but the water has to slow to much less than that for the sand to be deposited.
Everybody knows that it takes more force to move some objects, like pebbles, than it takes to move others, like sand. That is obvious enough. But this chart shows a lot more than that.
And it gets more complex. There are additional factors. The water is fast at the bottom of the beach and slows as it washes up the slope, so the grains of sand are carried up the slope until the water slows enough that the sand is deposited. The same thing happens with pebbles and other things that might not be as easily moved. Pebbles, requiring more force to be moved. will drop out lower on the beach than sand, if there was enough force to move the pebbles to begin with The same principles apply to coins and rings. But remember the shape of those objects also determines how those objects will be moved and when and where they will be deposited. Those factors have a lot to do with where you will find coin lines, for example.
Sor discussed sedimentation to some extent. Of course, transportation has to occur before sedimentation, so at some point the water had to get those objects moving. The water was moving fast enough to get them moving before it slowed enough that they were deposited.
There are two things that make the movement of objects on a beach much ore complex. It moves in waves, and changes velocity. Waves vary is size, direction, have different periods and interact with each other. And they also interact with the beach and surface under the water.
The other big thing that makes things more complex is the various densities of the materials to be moved, including sand, pebbles, coins and rings. The shapes of those objects also has a lot to do with how they move.
Many people talk about objects sinking on the beach, and think that has the most to do with where you will find things. The principles in the chart and those I just discussed are more accurate and important. I've mentioned before that objects like coins, do not sink passively as the result of gravity pulling the object down through the sand. It is more a matter of more the result of some objects moving differently than others, and it is more a matter of how some objects more less than others. It is more a matter of the relative movement of different types of objects - most notably sand and coins, with sand moving more. Again, there are a variety of factors and exceptions that I am not addressing right now.
The same principles apply to the movement and location of things as diverse as bottles, which are made pretty much of the same material (glass), but vary widely in size and shape. Furthermore, they can be open or closed, and empty or filled with sand, water, or other materials, all of which makes a difference in where they will be found, but bottles are also moved and deposited according to the same natural forces of physics. Generally, being less dense and having a bulky shape, they will generally move easily, and move more closely with the sand than would coins. On beaches or in waterways, bottles will generally not sink much, but sometimes will remain partly or wholly exposed, and at other times be mostly or completely buried.
You might think this is all too academic and not very helpful. It is true that you don't have to know the physics to recognize the effects. You can recognize sedimentation, erosion, and various conditions, including many of the signs that treasure hunters use to tell where treasure will be found, but if you understand the physics of it, your understanding will be more complete and thorough, and that will help you to better understand what is going on.
As far as I'm concerned, the chart shown above is the most important and impactful thing I've ever learned and shared even though how it works on a real-life beach involves a lot more factors and is very complex. It would take many pages to describe the dynamics of it all. I might do that someday. I've started a few times before but never finished. There is a lot of important information in that little chart.
---
Are progressives really progressive? They think so, but there is very little new in the green movement. The concern that humans will become too numerous for the diminishing resources that earth can provide is nothing new. Thomas Malthus (1766 - 1834) predicted that the earth would not be able to support the growing population.
Thomas Malthus argued that because of the natural human urge to reproduce human population increases geometrically (1, 2, 4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.). However, food supply, at most, can only increase arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.). Therefore, since food is an essential component to human life, population growth in any area or on the planet, if unchecked, would lead to starvation. However, Malthus also argued that there are preventative checks and positive checks on the population that slow its growth and keep the population from rising exponentially for too long, but still, poverty is inescapable and will continue.
Thomas Malthus' example of population growth doubling was based on the preceding 25 years of the brand-new United States of America. Malthus felt that a young country with fertile soil like the U.S. would have one of the highest birth rates around. He liberally estimated an arithmetic increase in agricultural production of one acre at a time, acknowledging that he was overestimating but he gave agricultural development the benefit of the doubt.
According to Thomas Malthus, preventative checks are those that affect the birth rate and include marrying at a later age (moral restraint), abstaining from procreation, birth control, and homosexuality.
Positive checks are those, according to Thomas Malthus, that increase the death rate. These include disease, war, disaster, and finally when other checks don't reduce the population, famine. Malthus felt that the fear of famine or the development of famine was also a major impetus to reduce the birth rate. He indicates that potential parents are less likely to have children when they know that their children are likely to starve.
(Source: Thomas Malthus on Population (thoughtco.com))
After reading Malthus, you can perhaps better understand the elite's support for abortion, birth control, non-reproductive forms of sexuality, including homosexuality, wars, monetary inflation, food and energy shortages, violent crime and the spread of deathly drugs like fentanyl, all of which decrease the productivity, independence and power masses. Turning the legal system upside down additionally weakens the system making it more malleable, eventually to be totally replaced.
Chaos and division is fomented to divert, misdirect and disempower the masses, who are protected from all the destructive effects unleashed on the masses. You don't even need the modern dressing of the Green philosophy to justify all the changes
Philosophies are the opium of the elite. Philosophies are used by those in power who are spiritually void and therefore seek a reason d'etre. Here is one example from history that provides the deepest roots for today's Green philosophy.
Thomas Malthus argued that because of the natural human urge to reproduce human population increases geometrically (1, 2, 4, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.). However, food supply, at most, can only increase arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc.). Therefore, since food is an essential component to human life, population growth in any area or on the planet, if unchecked, would lead to starvation. However, Malthus also argued that there are preventative checks and positive checks on the population that slow its growth and keep the population from rising exponentially for too long, but still, poverty is inescapable and will continue.
Thomas Malthus' example of population growth doubling was based on the preceding 25 years of the brand-new United States of America. Malthus felt that a young country with fertile soil like the U.S. would have one of the highest birth rates around. He liberally estimated an arithmetic increase in agricultural production of one acre at a time, acknowledging that he was overestimating but he gave agricultural development the benefit of the doubt.
According to Thomas Malthus, preventative checks are those that affect the birth rate and include marrying at a later age (moral restraint), abstaining from procreation, birth control, and homosexuality.
Positive checks are those, according to Thomas Malthus, that increase the death rate. These include disease, war, disaster, and finally when other checks don't reduce the population, famine. Malthus felt that the fear of famine or the development of famine was also a major impetus to reduce the birth rate. He indicates that potential parents are less likely to have children when they know that their children are likely to starve.
(Source: Thomas Malthus on Population (thoughtco.com))
After reading Malthus, you can better understand the elite's support for abortion, birth control, non-reproductive forms of sexuality, including homosexuality, wars, monetary inflation, food and energy shortages, violent crime and deathly drugs like fentanyl, all of which decrease the productivity, independence and power masses. Turning the legal system upside down additionally weakens the system making it more malleable, eventually to be totally replaced.
Chaos and division is fomented to divert, misdirect and disempower the masses, who are protected from all the destructive effects unleashed on the masses. You don't even need the modern dressing of the Green philosophy to understand many of the motives of the Great Reset.
---
Nothing new on the NHC web site.
The tides are still pretty big.
No big surf coming though.
Good hunting,
TreasureGuide@comcast.net